香港大學(xué)物理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)高度糾纏的量子物質(zhì)的特征
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-21 17:39:21
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEw26ggOe8W0Sg9DJZ0aREb" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">圖1:部分研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的照片。左起:鄭燕博士、趙佳瑞先生、陳斌斌博士。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUi2A6ciYySeoOgPDh5NN2e" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">圖2:數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)示意圖。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEueeiSioMqEiiyZyb3iBp8" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">圖3:可果美量子自旋模型的晶格類型及拓?fù)潇氐南鄳?yīng)結(jié)果。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoqgSeIIqayyssfgEsF24xf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">來自香港大學(xué)(HKU)物理系的一個(gè)研究小組從超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)上的大規(guī)模模擬中發(fā)現(xiàn)了表征高度糾纏的量子物質(zhì)的明確證據(jù) - 量子自旋液體(QSL)(即使在非常低的溫度下仍然無序的物質(zhì)相)。 這項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的研究工作最近發(fā)表在量子材料的主要期刊之一<em>npj量子材料</em>上。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyaEM2OQiUIUGyGalZ1UyMc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">QSL是由1977年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者P.W.安德森(P. W. Anderson)于1973年提出的,它有可能用于拓?fù)淞孔佑?jì)算,將計(jì)算機(jī)的計(jì)算能力提升到一個(gè)新的階段,并幫助理解高溫超導(dǎo)體的機(jī)制,從而大大降低電力傳輸過程中的能源成本。 由于超導(dǎo)體中沒有電阻。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsqkWA66WG0YGeUYMv2H11f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">QSL被稱為液體,因?yàn)樗谶@件事上缺乏常規(guī)順序。QSL具有起源于長(zhǎng)距離和強(qiáng)量子糾纏的拓?fù)漤樞颍捎谌狈δ軌蛲昝缹?shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家提出的許多模型系統(tǒng)的材料,以找到QSL的拓?fù)漤樞虿⒆C明其存在,因此檢測(cè)該拓?fù)漤樞蚴且豁?xiàng)非常艱巨的任務(wù)。因此,尚未被明確接受的具體證據(jù)表明QSL在自然界中存在。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngkUoswCKUKmwCAit2XXyNh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在此背景下,來自香港大學(xué)物理系的趙佳瑞先生、陳斌斌博士、鄭岱博士和孟子洋博士在可果美晶格量子自旋模型的一個(gè)階段成功探測(cè)了這一拓?fù)潆A次,該模型是一種具有內(nèi)在量子糾纏的二維晶格模型,由具有Z的科學(xué)家提出。(2)(2階的循環(huán)群)拓?fù)漤樞?,通過在超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)上精心設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)。拓?fù)浼m纏熵的明確結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明,從數(shù)值角度來看,QSL存在于高度糾纏量子模型中。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSOMoKU8cU4eSofL8M2hb1b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我們的工作利用了現(xiàn)代超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)的卓越計(jì)算能力,我們用它們來模擬一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的模型,該模型被認(rèn)為具有拓?fù)漤樞颉8鶕?jù)我們的發(fā)現(xiàn),物理學(xué)家更有信心QSL應(yīng)該存在于自然界中,“該期刊論文的第一作者,物理系博士生趙佳瑞先生說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw2icUASkOY2McnuLYaewye" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“數(shù)值模擬一直是量子材料科學(xué)研究的重要趨勢(shì)。我們的算法和計(jì)算可以找到更有趣和新穎的量子物質(zhì),這些努力肯定會(huì)有助于實(shí)用量子技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)研究新范式的發(fā)展。物理系副教授子陽萌博士說。 研究團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)關(guān)于可果美自旋模型的數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)(可果美是一種二維晶格結(jié)構(gòu),顯示出與日本傳統(tǒng)竹子編織圖案相似的圖案,形狀為六角形格子。),實(shí)驗(yàn)示意圖如圖2所示。系統(tǒng)的糾纏熵(S)可以通過測(cè)量模型的自由能在精心設(shè)計(jì)的非平衡過程中的變化來獲得。表征長(zhǎng)程拓?fù)潆A的拓?fù)潇兀?amp;gamma;)可以通過將不同糾纏邊界長(zhǎng)度的糾纏熵?cái)?shù)據(jù)擬合到一條直線(S=al-γ)來減去與總糾纏熵(S)中糾纏邊界(l)的長(zhǎng)度成正比的短程貢獻(xiàn)來提取。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSoMqEMYioeWo6XGMSm5C0e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如圖3所示,研究小組對(duì)兩種長(zhǎng)度和寬度不同比例的晶格進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),以確保結(jié)果的可靠性。我們使用一條直線來擬合糾纏熵與糾纏邊界長(zhǎng)度之間的關(guān)系,以便拓?fù)潇貞?yīng)等于直線的截距。我們的結(jié)果給出的拓?fù)潇刂禐?.4(2),這與Z2量子自旋液體的拓?fù)潇仡A(yù)測(cè)值一致,即2ln(2)。我們的研究結(jié)果從數(shù)值角度證實(shí)了QSL的存在。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOGsQmqKgUGsCqLuDKXbfqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>關(guān)于研究團(tuán)隊(duì)</strong></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCCYaouIomowqGQhINqnDjc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)研究是三位作者之間的合作成果 - 來自香港大學(xué)物理系的趙佳瑞先生,陳斌斌博士和鄭燕博士,在來自同一隸屬關(guān)系的Zi Yang Meng博士的監(jiān)督下。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQq8uEusOqsYyeyjbQMTBYe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)工作得到了香港特別行政區(qū)研究資助局卓越領(lǐng)域“二維材料研究:新興技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)”的支持,以及香港大學(xué)-TCL人工智能聯(lián)合研究中心的種子資助量子啟發(fā)可解釋性人工智能。我們感謝香港大學(xué)信息技術(shù)服務(wù)部和HPC2021超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī),以及廣州國(guó)家超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)中心(天河二號(hào)超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī))的技術(shù)支持和慷慨的HPC資源,為本文報(bào)告的研究成果做出了貢獻(xiàn)。</span></div>
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