謝菲爾德報(bào)告敦促政府解決學(xué)前教育危機(jī)
指南者留學(xué)
2024-10-04 15:43:23
閱讀量:1035
<ul>
<li>由謝菲爾德大學(xué)的研究人員合著的 Child of the North/Centre for Young Lives 的最新聯(lián)合報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了英格蘭大量幼兒沒(méi)有開(kāi)始學(xué)前班“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”</li>
<li>在 2022/23 學(xué)年,三分之一的兒童被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué),45% 接受免費(fèi)校餐的兒童沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)</li>
<li>該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了自 Covid-19 以來(lái),早期發(fā)育遲緩的驚人增長(zhǎng)。學(xué)校報(bào)告說(shuō),孩子們從學(xué)前班開(kāi)始就穿著尿布,最近對(duì)學(xué)校和托兒所的調(diào)查表明,人們對(duì)言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言的高度關(guān)注</li>
<li>新報(bào)告提出了解決全國(guó)學(xué)前教育危機(jī)的建議,特別是在最貧困的地區(qū),以及改進(jìn)對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員的培訓(xùn),以促進(jìn)對(duì)首次成為低收入母親的家訪(fǎng),增加育兒計(jì)劃,并在從事家庭和幼兒工作的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員之間更好地共享信息</li>
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<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">謝菲爾德大學(xué)(University of Sheffield)的研究人員合著的一份新報(bào)告敦促政府解決大量未“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”的兒童的問(wèn)題。</strong></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1728373310393/1728373310393.jpg" width="699" height="393" /></strong></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">今天(2024 年 10 月 4 日星期五)由 Child of the North 和 Anne Longfield 的 Centre for Young Lives 智囊團(tuán)發(fā)布的報(bào)告提出了一系列建議,以應(yīng)對(duì)早期教育和托兒服務(wù)的危機(jī)——特別是在貧困地區(qū)。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">高質(zhì)量的早期教育環(huán)境在支持幼兒的成功發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用,包括他們的語(yǔ)言、社交、情感和身體技能以及他們的行為。然而,目前的挑戰(zhàn)——例如托兒所關(guān)閉以及在招聘和留住早期和托兒服務(wù)人員方面前所未有的困難——正在威脅到護(hù)理質(zhì)量和兒童可獲得的機(jī)會(huì)。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">這份由謝菲爾德大學(xué)研究人員合著的報(bào)告《<em style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic; line-height: inherit;">支持學(xué)齡前兒童的循證方法》</em>支持政府對(duì)兒童的雄心勃勃的愿景,強(qiáng)調(diào)將兒童的利益和生活機(jī)會(huì)置于政策核心的重要性。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">該報(bào)告的合著者、謝菲爾德大學(xué)言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言治療教授 Judy Clegg 說(shuō):“</strong>許多孩子在開(kāi)始上學(xué)時(shí)沒(méi)有開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)所需的言語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)言和溝通技能。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">“需要采取緊急行動(dòng)提供支持,以便每個(gè)孩子都能傾聽(tīng)、交談并與他人互動(dòng)——這些技能對(duì)于在課堂上茁壯成長(zhǎng)、學(xué)習(xí)閱讀、結(jié)交朋友和在學(xué)校取得成功至關(guān)重要。增加對(duì)健康和早期教育的資助以有效合作至關(guān)重要,擴(kuò)大言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言治療服務(wù)對(duì)于確保不讓任何孩子掉隊(duì)至關(guān)重要。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào),自 Covid-19 以來(lái),早期發(fā)育遲緩的增加令人震驚,導(dǎo)致大量?jī)和瘺](méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)。學(xué)校報(bào)告說(shuō),孩子們從學(xué)前班開(kāi)始就穿著尿布,最近對(duì)學(xué)校和托兒所的調(diào)查顯示,對(duì)言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言的高度關(guān)注,在早期基礎(chǔ)階段結(jié)束時(shí),有大量?jī)和陀谂c年齡相關(guān)的預(yù)期。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<ul>
<li>在 2022/23 學(xué)年,三分之一的兒童被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué),45% 接受免費(fèi)校餐的兒童沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)。</li>
<li>超過(guò)一半的未入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備兒童在關(guān)鍵階段 1 閱讀評(píng)估中的表現(xiàn)低于預(yù)期。</li>
<li>對(duì)被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)的兒童的分析表明,他們持續(xù)缺課的可能性是同齡人的近 2.5 倍。</li>
<li>到 16-17 歲時(shí),沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)的兒童患 NEET(不接受教育、就業(yè)或培訓(xùn))的可能性大約是 NEET 的三倍。</li>
<li>全國(guó)各地的入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備兒童比例各不相同,從曼徹斯特的 59% 到倫敦的 84% 不等。</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">報(bào)告警告說(shuō),除非政府迅速采取行動(dòng),否則將從口語(yǔ)不佳到識(shí)字和算術(shù)能力差,再到對(duì)成人就業(yè)能力和代際劣勢(shì)的社會(huì)成本的長(zhǎng)期影響,將呈螺旋式下降。該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了來(lái)自較不富裕家庭的兒童更有可能在語(yǔ)言能力較差的情況下接受教育,而以較差的口語(yǔ)進(jìn)入學(xué)校的兒童受教育程度低的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高,這反過(guò)來(lái)又限制了他們以后的職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">謝菲爾德大學(xué)言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言治療高級(jí)講師、合著者 Sarah Spencer 補(bǔ)充道:</strong>“英國(guó)明顯且日益嚴(yán)重的結(jié)構(gòu)性不平等體現(xiàn)在家庭獲得高質(zhì)量學(xué)前教育和支持的機(jī)會(huì)不平等上。未能支持所有幼兒過(guò)上快樂(lè)、健康的生活已成為一場(chǎng)全國(guó)性的危機(jī)。迫切需要資金充足、循證、本地開(kāi)發(fā)的解決方案,以應(yīng)對(duì)我們與家庭合作開(kāi)發(fā)的最弱勢(shì)社區(qū)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。本報(bào)告概述了大學(xué)如何與教育、衛(wèi)生和社區(qū)服務(wù)合作,成功地合作,將學(xué)齡前兒童放在首位,并投資于他們的未來(lái)。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了壓倒性的證據(jù)表明,兒童在進(jìn)入正規(guī)學(xué)校系統(tǒng)之前的經(jīng)歷極大地影響了人口的健康和教育,以及投資于早期教育的令人信服的經(jīng)濟(jì)理由。</p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">《北方之子》報(bào)告呼吁:</p>
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<li><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">投資于幼兒教育計(jì)劃</strong>,以支持最貧困地區(qū)教育環(huán)境中家庭的全面需求。</li>
<li><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">為專(zhuān)業(yè)人士和家庭提供改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)展培訓(xùn)機(jī)會(huì)</strong> - 有證據(jù)表明,由訓(xùn)練有素的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員對(duì)初次出身的低收入父母進(jìn)行家訪(fǎng)可以改善產(chǎn)前和產(chǎn)后健康,減少兒童傷害,增加出生間隔,并改善入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備。</li>
<li><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">通過(guò)共享信息更有效地連接系統(tǒng)</strong>,在孩子的整個(gè)教育旅程中提供更全面的支持。</li>
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<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">該報(bào)告</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">展示了已經(jīng)幫助學(xué)校做好準(zhǔn)備的創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃,特別是對(duì)于生活在弱勢(shì)社區(qū)的兒童,包括:</span><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;"> </strong></p>
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<li><a style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #440099; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-bottom: 2px solid #d0d2d4; font-weight: bold;" href="https://player.sheffield.ac.uk/events/speech-therapy-and-communication-young-adults"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">Sheffield Small Talk</strong></a> 是一家創(chuàng)新且成熟的言語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)言治療診所,為所有患有 SEND 的學(xué)齡前兒童提供包容性的免費(fèi)服務(wù)。</li>
<li><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">納菲爾德早期語(yǔ)言干預(yù)幼兒園</strong>的開(kāi)發(fā)旨在提高兒童的語(yǔ)言技能,并為他們進(jìn)入學(xué)校做好更好的準(zhǔn)備。這個(gè)為期 20 周的課程適合 3 至 4 歲的兒童,并將普遍充實(shí)與有針對(duì)性的小組和個(gè)人課程相結(jié)合,為語(yǔ)言技能較差的兒童提供服務(wù)。</li>
<li><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">五歲之前要做的 50 件事是一項(xiàng)</strong>倡議,旨在為有幼兒的家庭提供有趣、低成本或免費(fèi)活動(dòng)的想法,旨在幫助兒童發(fā)展開(kāi)始上學(xué)及以后所需的技能、語(yǔ)言和適應(yīng)力。</li>
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<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; max-width: 75ch; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #2b353e; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">謝菲爾德大學(xué)心理學(xué)與教育講師、合著者 Lauren Powell 博士說(shuō):</strong>“明確而緊迫地需要改變對(duì)兒童、家庭和早期勞動(dòng)力的支持。作為一名研究人員,我相信我們的倫理和道德責(zé)任是將那些有生活經(jīng)歷的人的聲音有意義地納入旨在支持他們的信息和服務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)中。我希望這份報(bào)告能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)——確保兒童及其家人得到傾聽(tīng)、考慮和利用,以改善當(dāng)前的支持規(guī)定。</p>
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