喜鵲百靈歌舞二重奏中的現(xiàn)實(shí)與幻覺(jué)
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-14 13:47:50
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4uGsi0uecgKc2fz0de5i8b" style="text-align: justify;">一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,澳大利亞喜鵲云雀可能會(huì)使用腹腔錯(cuò)覺(jué)來(lái)使他們的聲樂(lè)二重奏更具威脅性。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCSWGiSwKEYUcCCDxy8gAHf" style="text-align: justify;">來(lái)自澳大利亞大學(xué)(ANU)的合著者Rob Magrath教授說(shuō),在他們的二重奏期間,喜鵲 - 云雀對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)響亮的叫聲和翅膀運(yùn)動(dòng),以使用音頻和視覺(jué)線索進(jìn)行交流。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcno8OoQ0yoYKs84bU4rLVZsg" style="text-align: justify;">動(dòng)物使用各種各樣的信號(hào)進(jìn)行交流,一些物種會(huì)叫聲,而另一些則使用鮮艷的顏色,華麗的舞蹈動(dòng)作或誘人的香水。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoEuu2OWo64eKMzZMct3sFg" style="text-align: justify;">“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)喜鵲云雀的翅膀運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于通過(guò)揭示聲音的來(lái)源來(lái)增強(qiáng)二重奏,”Rob Magrath教授說(shuō)。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYWsUOYO6qyAWu24q5UxK3d" style="text-align: justify;">來(lái)自Adam Mickiewicz大學(xué)的合著者Pawe? R?k博士和ANU的訪問(wèn)研究員補(bǔ)充說(shuō),雄性和雌性喜鵲云雀都經(jīng)常唱歌,但是當(dāng)它們成為一對(duì)交配時(shí),它們會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)他們的歌曲來(lái)表演二重唱。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2WogG2Ocwc8CiD2Rs97sjb" style="text-align: justify;">“這些人聲二重唱是他們的主要領(lǐng)土信號(hào),甚至揚(yáng)聲器的回放也會(huì)引起鄰居的快速反應(yīng),”R?k博士說(shuō)。</div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYEM8ioyYqAiOa8njEKZTSb" style="text-align: justify;">一對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的鳥(niǎo)兒在一起的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng),可以以令人難以置信的精確度進(jìn)行二重奏。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUGQeSIK02cyAgTC0Pjsehc" style="text-align: justify;">“這些協(xié)調(diào)良好的叫聲對(duì)其他鳥(niǎo)類的威脅更大,而不是來(lái)自新配對(duì)的破舊,排練較少的叫聲,”馬格拉斯教授說(shuō)。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0ImS8e2qgOa6YLqnOAYSad" style="text-align: justify;">“如果呼叫者靠近在一起,聲樂(lè)二重唱也更有效,因?yàn)樗麄儽灰暈橐粋€(gè)具有威脅性和團(tuán)結(jié)的團(tuán)隊(duì)。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnA62K00SEs26gG2R2zvxtmd" style="text-align: justify;">但是聽(tīng)眾可能很難分辨聲音來(lái)自哪里。這就是擺動(dòng)翅膀行為的用武之地。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0YegWui8KKmSeqp0pH22qg" style="text-align: justify;">研究人員使用機(jī)器人喜鵲云雀模型來(lái)執(zhí)行翅膀運(yùn)動(dòng),并使用揚(yáng)聲器來(lái)廣播他們的歌曲。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqUUGS8YSCgK8qSSpxWGZ0g" style="text-align: justify;">“實(shí)驗(yàn)令人興奮的是能夠?qū)⒛P秃蛽P(yáng)聲器放在不同的地方,使我們能夠測(cè)試機(jī)翼運(yùn)動(dòng)如何影響聲音感知,”R?k博士說(shuō)。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneuu8uYCKWC2amSZW8QgaVd" style="text-align: justify;">“當(dāng)兩個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器分開(kāi)時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)不如揚(yáng)聲器在一起有效。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSMckaw8OqCEKaoQXt9hRIc" style="text-align: justify;">“然而,由于揚(yáng)聲器仍然分開(kāi),但機(jī)器鳥(niǎo)在一起,機(jī)翼運(yùn)動(dòng)引起了聽(tīng)眾的更強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng) - 好像呼叫者實(shí)際上很近。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwyS6Eamo0oUY6BzWZRVgxd" style="text-align: justify;">對(duì)于喜鵲云雀和人類來(lái)說(shuō),研究人員說(shuō),我們對(duì)世界的感知是一種心理建構(gòu),并不總是現(xiàn)實(shí)的反映。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGYoasYUEm0MIY1ujm9uUlg" style="text-align: justify;">“例如,當(dāng)你看電視時(shí),你看到有人張開(kāi)嘴巴和閉嘴,你從附近的揚(yáng)聲器聽(tīng)到他們的聲音。然后你的大腦會(huì)構(gòu)建一個(gè)幻覺(jué),聲音來(lái)自那個(gè)人的嘴,“Magrath教授說(shuō)。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnG8gUk0Y4O2AoyeAftruP7f" style="text-align: justify;">“我們認(rèn)為喜鵲云雀上下移動(dòng)翅膀會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似的錯(cuò)覺(jué),并作為增強(qiáng)二重奏的一種方式。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKuUUgkoCG4awKO6OHFlavc" style="text-align: justify;">“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,背景噪音和回聲可能使人們難以分辨叫聲的來(lái)源,因此揮舞翅膀的顯示屏有助于確認(rèn)鳥(niǎo)類何時(shí)在一起。</div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcne84uu8WceGgi2XcL37aNkc" style="text-align: justify;">這項(xiàng)研究是與波蘭亞當(dāng)密茨凱維奇大學(xué)合作完成的。該研究發(fā)表在<em>《英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)刊B》上</em><em>。</em></div>
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